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Access
Control
A general way of talking about controlling access. Access can be
granted or denied based on a wide variety of criteria, such as
the time of day, who is visiting, etc.
API
Abbreviation of Application Program Interface, a set of
routines, protocols, and tools for building software
applications.
Authentication
A technique to confirm the identify of a card, biometrics or a
computer system.
Biometrics
The technique of studying physical characteristics of a person
such as finger prints, hand geometry, iris pattern, facial
characteristics or voice pattern.
Bundy Clock
The Bundy Clock is a mechanical timepiece used to assist in
tracking the hours an employee of a company worked. This
was accomplished by inserting a heavy paper card, called a time
card, into a slot on the time clock. When the time card hit a
contact at the rear of the slot, the machine would print day and
time information on the card. This allowed a timekeeper to
have an official record of the hours an employee worked to
calculate and pay an employee. The time cards usually had
the workdays and time in and time out areas marked on them so
that employees could "punch in" or "punch out" in the correct
place. The employee was responsible to line up the correct area
of the card to be punched with an indicator on the time card.
The first time clock was invented in November 20, 1888, by
Willard Bundy, a jeweler in Auburn, New York. A year later his
brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing
Company located in Binghamton, N.Y., and began mass producing time clocks.
This
picture shows a group of Bundy employees in 1900, just two years
before their company, along with two other time equipment
businesses, was consolidated into the International Time
Recording Company. ITR itself became part of the newly-formed
Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. in 1911, which was renamed
IBM 13 years later.
Courtesy of iBM Archives: Bundy Manufacturing Co
Buddy Punching
A way refers to a person punches (smart card or password)
illegally for a co-worker.
Built-in
Constructed as part of a unit, detachable.
CMOS
Short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is a
widely used type of semiconductor. CMOS semiconductors use both
NMOS (negative polarity) and PMOS (positive polarity) circuits.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is an Internet protocol for
automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP. DHCP
can be used to automatically assign IP addresses, to deliver
TCP/IP stack configuration parameters such as the subnet mask
and default router, and to provide other configuration
information such as the addresses for printer, time and news
servers.
Dynamic IP
Temporary IP address or an IP address that changes each time you
connect to the Internet.
EM
EM
Microelectronic-Marin SA, also known as EM-Marin, EM Micro
or simply EM (more rarely EEM or EMM), started its
activities in the 1970's by designing miniaturized, ultra low
power integrated circuits for watches in the town of Marin,
Switzerland. It is a company of
THE SWATCH GROUP Ltd.
EM is a semiconductor manufacturer specialized in the design and
production of ultra low power, low voltage integrated circuits
for battery-operated and field-powered applications in consumer,
automotive and industrial areas. With over 30 years experience
in the design of IC processing analog and digital signals
simultaneously. Part of the extensive product portfolio
encompasses RFID circuits and smart cards.
Encryption
Any procedure used to convert plain text to code in order to
prevent any but intended recipient from reading that data.
Schematically, there are two classes of encryption primitives:
public-key cryptography and private-key cryptography. They are
generated used complementarily. Public-key encryption algorithms
include RSA, private-key algorithms include the obsolescent Data
Encryption Standard, the Advanced Encryption, as well as RC4.
Fingerprint
An impression
on a surface of the curves formed by the ridges on a fingertip,
especially such an impression
made in ink and used as a means of identification.
HID
Headquartered in Irvine, California,
HID Global
is a manufacturer in the access control industry,
serving customers worldwide with proximity and contactless smart
card technologies.
Featuring 125 kHz RFID technology HID proximity products are
robust and
seamlessly integrate with access control systems.
Image Resolution
Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image.
Resolution sometimes identified by the width and height of the
image as well as the total number of pixels in the image.
Internet Appliance
A specialized device for accessing Internet / Web. It can be
either plug into a standard telephone jack or have a wire or
wireless LAN connection to the Internet.
IP Address
An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network.
Network using TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP
address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a
32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by
periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example,
1.160.10.240 could be an IP address.
IP Camera
Camera that can plug directly into any TCP/IP network, providing
on demand video streams over the LAN / WAN.
IP Rated
Index of Protection, specification for degrees of protection
provided by enclosures.
JDBC
JDBC technology is an API (included in both J2SE and J2EE
releases) that provides cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range
of SQL databases and access to other tabular data sources, such
as spreadsheets or flat files. With a JDBC enabled driver, you
can connect all corporate data even in a heterogeneous
environment.
Legic
A Smart Card and Smart Card Reader manufacturer who supplies
LEGIC RF Standard, ISO 15693 & ISO 14443 compliant read/write
chip sets, security modules and transponder chips for
integration into third party products.
Logical Access
A term refers to the connection of one device or system to
another through the use of software.
Mifare
Fully compliant with ISO 14443A,
Mifare is the industry standard
for contactless and dual interface smart card schemes.
MPEG
Motion Picture Experts Group is the name of family of standards
used for coding audio-visual information (eg. movies, video,
music) in a digital compressed format. The major advantage
of MPEG compared to other video and audio encoding formats is
that MPEG files are much smaller for the same quality.
i. .avi
AVI stands for Audio Video Interleave. It is a special case of
RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format). AVI is defined by
Microsoft. AVI is the most common format for audio / video data
on the PC. AVI is an example of a de facto (by fact) standard.
ii. .gif
Graphical Image Format, a widely supported image-storage format
promoted by CompuServe that gained early widespread use on
online services and the Internet. Resolution is limited to
8-bit, or 256-bit color. GIF89a is more recent format that
supports interlacing.
iii. .jpg
Joint Photographic expert group, a file format for photographs
on Web pages. The jpg format compresses large photo files so
they don't take up as many kilobytes of memory.
iv. .mov
A file format for Quicktime movies and animations, developed by
Apple Computer Co.
v. .mp3
MPEG 1 audio layer 3. Compression scheme used to transfer audio
files via the Internet and store in portable players and digital
audio servers.
vi. .tiff
Tagged image File Format. A widely used file format for storing
gray scale and color images.
ODBC
Open DataBase Connectivity, a standard database access method
developed by the SQL Access group in 1992. The goal of ODBC is
to make access any data from any application, regardless of
which database management system (DBMS) is handling the data.
Operating Temperature
The temperature range which the device has been designed to
operate.
PIN
Personal Identification Number, the number or code that a card
holder must type in to confirm that they are the genuine owner
of the card / biometrics.
Power over Ethernet
Power Over Ethernet technology describes any system to transmit
electrical power, along with data, to remote devices over
standard twisted pair cable in an Ethernet network.
Primary / Secondary Mode
With a unit that is set to be in primary mode and other units
are set to secondary mode, all settings include terminal
settings, content and other stuff will be synchronized amongst
the units. Primary unit has the right to change all the settings
and will distribute to the secondary units while secondary units
have limited rights and can only configure itself.
Real Time
A transmission or data processing mode in which the data is
entered in an interactive session where an application can
respond fast enough to affect later data input.
Relay
An electrically controlled mechanical device that opens and
closes electrical contacts when a voltage (or current) is
applied to a coil. A relay provides isolation of control signals
from switched signals.
Remote Monitoring
A network management protocol that allows network information to
be gathered at a single computer.
RJ45
A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized physical
interface for connecting telecommunications equipment (commonly,
a telephone jack) or computer networking equipment. The standard
designs for these connectors and their wiring are named RJ11,
RJ14, etc.
RS232
An Electrical Industries Association (EIA) standard which is the
most common way of linking data devices together. The connection
to an RS232 is usually limited to a maximum of 50 feet. It is a
standard of binary data interchange between a DTE (Data Terminal
Equipment) and a DCE (Data Communication Equipment).
RS485
RS485 is an electrical specification of a two-wire, half-duplex,
multi-point serial connection. It offers high data transmission
speeds (up to 10Mbit/s), and since it uses a differential
balanced line over twisted pair, it can span relatively large
distances (up to 4000 feet or just over 1200 meters).
SDK
Software Development Kit
Smart Card
A smart card contains a chip with memory and is typically used
to hold customer account information and a balance of money
similar to checking account. The card is inserted into a device
or placed over RF field that can read and write to it updating
information appropriately.
SSL
Short for Secure Sockets Layer, a protocol developed by Netscape
for transmitting private documents via the Internet. SSL works
by a public key to encrypt data that's transferred over the SSL
connection. Both Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer
support SSL, and many web sites uses the protocol to safely
transmit confidential information, such as credit card numbers.
Standalone
A device or system that can perform its function independently.
Static IP
A static IP address is a number (in form of a dotted quad) that
is assigned to a computer / appliance by an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) to be its permanent address on the Internet.
TCP/IP
The Internet protocol suite is the set of communication
protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the
internet runs. It is sometimes called the TCP/IP protocol suite,
after the two most important protocols in it: the Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which
were also the first two defined.
Ticker
A telegraphic system that continuously provides, for example,
the last sale prices and volume of securities transactions on
excahnges. Information is either printed or displayed on a
moving tape after each trade.
USB
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface
devices, originally designed for computers. It has become
commonplace on portable memory devices, video game consoles,
PDAs, portable DVD and media players, cellphones, televisions,
home stereo equipment (e.g., digital audio players), and car
stereos.
Wiegand
A card reading technology which uses coils of special wire
embedded in a card to generate a unique electrical pattern when
the card is run through a magnetic sensor. Wiegand devices are
access control devices that employ this technology.
WiFi
Wireless Fidelity. An industry standard organisation which aims
to ensure that wireless networking devices that implement the
IEEE 802.11 standard are interoperable.
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